Safety-in-numbers: An updated meta-analysis of estimates
Journal article, Peer reviewed
Accepted version
Permanent lenke
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2602085Utgivelsesdato
2019-05-28Metadata
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Originalversjon
Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2019, 129 (August), 136-147. 10.1016/j.aap.2019.05.019Sammendrag
Safety-in-numbers denotes the tendency for the number of accidents to increase less than in proportion to traffic volume. This paper updates a meta-analysis of estimates of safety-in-numbers published in 2017 (Elvik and Bjørnskau, Safety Science, 92, 274–282). Nearly all studies find safety-in-numbers, but the numerical estimates vary considerably. As virtually all studies are cross-sectional, it is not possible to determine if safety-in-numbers represents a causal relationship. Meta-regression analysis was performed to identify factors which may explain the large heterogeneity of estimates of safety-in-numbers. It was found that safety-in-numbers tends to be stronger for pedestrians than for cyclists, and stronger at the macro-level (e.g. citywide) than at the micro-level (e.g. in junctions). Recent studies find a stronger tendency towards safety-in-numbers than older studies.