Blar i TØI Vitenarkiv på tidsskrift "Accident Analysis and Prevention"
Viser treff 21-40 av 59
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Corrigendum to: “Publication bias and time-trend bias in meta-analysis of bicycle helmet efficacy: A re-analysis of Attewell, Glase and McFadden, 2001” [Accid. Anal. Prev. 43 (2011) 1245–1251]
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2012-12-23)This paper is a corrigendum to the previously published paper: “Publication bias and time-trend bias in meta-analysis of bicycle helmet efficacy: A re-analysis of Attewell, Glase and McFadden, 2001” [Accid. Anal. Prev. ... -
Crash risk on entrance versus exit zones of road bridges in Norway
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019-08-09)Using data from the national register of police-reported crashes and from the bridge register of the Norwegian Public Roads Administration, we estimated rates of single-vehicle crashes on road sections adjacent to road ... -
Democracy, governance, and road safety
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021-03-07)Countries scoring high on the Democracy Index developed by The Economist Intelligence Unit have fewer traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants than countries scoring low on this index. The statistical relationship between ... -
Does empirical evidence support the effectiveness of the Safe System approach to road safety management?
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023-07-19)The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Safe System approach to road safety management, as implemented in Norway. The paper proposes simple operational definitions of key elements of the Safe ... -
Does the influence of risk factors on accident occurrence change over time?
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-03-11)A large number of studies have been made to assess the relationship between risk factors and accident occurrence. A risk factor is any factor that makes an accident more likely to occur. Very many risk factors have been ... -
Driver mileage and accident involvement: A synthesis of evidence
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022-11-14)The relationship between driver mileage and accident involvement has been a controversial topic for at least 20 years. The key issue is whether driver accident involvement rate increases in proportion to miles driven or ... -
Effects of a penalty point system on traffic violations
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017-11-06)We analysed data from the Norwegian driver’s licence penalty point register over a three-year period, in order to investigate whether the number of incurred penalty points in a given time period can predict the probability ... -
Effects of roadwork characteristics and drivers? individual differences on speed preferences in a rural work zone
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-14)Work zone safety from a psychological perspective has received little attention in scientific literature. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the influence of roadwork characteristics and drivers’ individual ... -
Effects on accidents of changes in the use of studded tyres in major cities in Norway: A long-term investigation
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-02-12)This paper reports the findings of two studies made eleven years apart in Norway (Fridstrøm, 2000, Elvik and Kaminska, 2011) to evaluate effects on accidents of changes in the use of studded tyres in major cities in Norway. ... -
The European road safety decision support system on risks and measures
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-08-18)The European Road Safety Decision Support System (roadsafety-dss.eu) is an innovative system providing the available evidence on a broad range of road risks and possible countermeasures. This paper describes the scientific ... -
Exploring factors influencing the strength of the safety-in-numbers effect
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017-01-24)Several studies have found a so-called safety-in-numbers effect for vulnerable road users. This means that when the number of pedestrians or cyclists increases, the number of accidents involving these road users and motor ... -
Exploring the safety in numbers effect for vulnerable road users on a macroscopic scale
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017-10-10)A “Safety in Numbers” effect for a certain group of road users is present if the number of crashes increases at a lower rate than the number of road users. The existence of this effect has been invoked to justify investments ... -
Factors influencing safety in a sample of marked pedestrian crossings selected for safety inspections in the city of Oslo
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-05-22)This paper reports an analysis of factors influencing safety in a sample of marked pedestrian crossings in the city of Oslo, Norway. The sample consists of 159 marked pedestrian crossings where a total of 316 accidents ... -
Gender differences in accident risk with e-bikes—Survey data from Norway
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019-08-13)E-bikes are becoming increasingly popular, and are given an important role in the green mobility of the future. However, some have raised concerns that the increased speed and the increased weight of the e-bike can lead ... -
How can regulatory authorities improve safety in organizations by influencing safety culture? A conceptual model of the relationships and a discussion of implications
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021-06-17)Regulators have increasingly started to focus on safety culture. The causal link between regulatory initiatives to improve safety culture and a potential decline in accidents may, however, appear like a “black box”, involving ... -
How did the economic recession (2008–2010) influence traffic fatalities in OECD-countries?
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017-04-14)This paper presents analyses of how the economic recession that started in 2008 has influenced the number of traffic fatalities in OECD countries. Previous studies of the relationship between economic recessions and changes ... -
How to trade safety against cost, time and other impacts of road safety measures
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-03-14)Public policy, including road safety policy, involves balancing competing values against each other. Several techniques of policy analysis, most prominently cost-benefit analysis, have been developed to help policy makers ... -
How would increasing seat belt use affect the number of killed or seriously injured light vehicle occupants?
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-01-12)The expected effects of increasing seat belt use on the number of killed or seriously injured (KSI) light vehicle occupants have been estimated for three scenarios of increased seat belt use in Norway, taking into account ... -
In search of the severity dimension of traffic events: Extended Delta-V as a traffic conflict indicator
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-09-28)Most existing traffic conflict indicators do not sufficiently take into account the severity of the injuries resulting from a collision had it occurred. Thus far, most of the indicators that have been developed express the ... -
Inattention and distraction in fatal road crashes - Results from in-depth crash investigations in Norway
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-11)Distraction and inattention pose a considerable threat to road safety, not only for car drivers, but also for vulnerable road users. Previous studies show that inattention and distraction are more often contributing factors ...