dc.contributor.author | Elvik, Rune | |
dc.coverage.spatial | Norway | nb_NO |
dc.date.accessioned | 2019-07-05T13:50:19Z | |
dc.date.available | 2019-07-05T13:50:19Z | |
dc.date.created | 2014-02-05T13:44:20Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2013-08-22 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2013, 60 (November), 57-63. | nb_NO |
dc.identifier.issn | 0001-4575 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2603685 | |
dc.description.abstract | Safety-in-numbers denotes a non-linear relationship between exposure (traffic volume) and the number of accidents, characterised by declining risk as traffic volume increases. There is safety-in-numbers when the number of accidents increases less than proportional to traffic volume, e.g. a doubling of traffic volume is associated with less than a doubling of the number of accidents. Hazard-in-numbers, a less-used concept, refers to the opposite effect: the number of accidents increases more than in proportion to traffic volume, e.g. is more than doubled when traffic volume is doubled. This paper discusses whether a safety-in-numbers effect and a hazard-in-numbers effect can co-exist in the same data. It is concluded that both effects can exist in a given data set. The paper proposes to make a distinction between partial safety-in-numbers and complete safety-in-numbers. Another issue that has been raised in discussions about the safety-in-numbers effect is whether the effect found in some studies is an artefact created by the way exposure was measured. The paper discusses whether measuring exposure as a rate or a share, e.g. kilometres travelled per inhabitant per year, will generate a safety-in-numbers effect as a statistical artefact. It is concluded that this is the case. The preferred measure of exposure is a count of the number of road users. The count should not be converted to a rate or to the share any group of road user contribute to total traffic volume. | nb_NO |
dc.language.iso | eng | nb_NO |
dc.publisher | Elsevier | nb_NO |
dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.no | * |
dc.title | Can a safety-in-numbers effect and a hazard-in-numbers effect co-exist in the same data? | nb_NO |
dc.type | Journal article | nb_NO |
dc.type | Peer reviewed | nb_NO |
dc.rights.holder | © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | nb_NO |
dc.description.version | acceptedVersion | nb_NO |
cristin.unitcode | 7482,0,0,0 | |
cristin.unitname | Transportøkonomisk institutt | |
cristin.ispublished | true | |
cristin.fulltext | postprint | |
cristin.qualitycode | 1 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/j.aap.2013.08.010 | |
dc.identifier.cristin | 1109733 | |
dc.source.journal | Accident Analysis and Prevention | nb_NO |
dc.source.volume | 60 | nb_NO |
dc.source.issue | November | nb_NO |
dc.source.pagenumber | 57-63 | nb_NO |