Blar i TØI Vitenarkiv på utgivelsesdato
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Does the influence of risk factors on accident occurrence change over time?
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-03-11)A large number of studies have been made to assess the relationship between risk factors and accident occurrence. A risk factor is any factor that makes an accident more likely to occur. Very many risk factors have been ... -
Safety-in-numbers: Estimates based on a sample of pedestrian crossings in Norway
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-03-16)Safety-in-numbers denotes the tendency for the risk of accident for each road user to decline as the number of road users increases. Safety-in-numbers implies that a doubling of the number of road users will be associated ... -
Association between increase in fixed penalties and road safety outcomes: A meta-analysis
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-04-13)Studies that have evaluated the association between increases in traffic fine amounts (fixed penalties) and changes in compliance with road traffic law or the number of accidents are synthesised by means of meta-analysis. ... -
Local self-determination, process-focus and subordination of environmental concerns
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-04-21)Globalization and region enlargement has increased the emphasis of local authorities on being competitive for inward investment and taxpayers. This can lead to a subordination of environmental concerns. In order to secure ... -
Safety Inspectorates and Safety Performance: A Tentative Analysis for Aviation and Rail in Norway
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-05-05)Safety inspectorates have been established for all modes of transport in Norway. This paper explores whether establishing a safety inspectorate is related to safety performance. Long-term trends in safety in aviation and ... -
Safety in numbers for cyclists – conclusions from a multidisciplinary study of seasonal change in interplay and conflicts
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-05-28)In many European countries, it is a political goal that future growth in local travel should be absorbed by sustainable transport modes. Concerns that increased walking and cycling produce more accidents have been countered ... -
Gradual change towards re-integration: Insights from local public transport in Norway
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-06-06)Organisational arrangements with increased autonomy from politicians have become common in public service provision in Western countries. Agency deficiencies have been related to accountability and lack of trust, and a ... -
Three performativities of innovation in public transport planning
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-06-24)The article scrutinizes planners’ stories of innovation in contemporary public transport planning in three Scandinavian contexts (Denmark, Sweden and Norway). This analysis is accomplished by adapting Judith Butler’s ... -
Project selection with sets of mutually exclusive alternatives
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-06-24)We study the problem to maximise the net economic benefit of an investment plan by selecting from a portfolio of candidate projects within a given budget constraint. As is well known, with independent projects the economic ... -
Analysis of Freight Transport Demand at Szczecin and Oslo Area
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-06-27)The main problem arising in the process of management of the transport and distribution of goods in urban areas is the lack of data regarding deliveries, in particular with regard to the structure of demand as well as the ... -
Different Pathways for Achieving Cleaner Urban Areas: A Roadmap towards the White Paper Goal for Urban Transport
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-06-27)The 2011 White Paper on Transport of the European Commission spells out a series of targets for 2030 and 2050. One of the 10 targets is explicitly related to urban transport and stipulates: “Halve the use of ‘conventionally ... -
Comparing Deliveries to On-street Consignees and Consignees Located at Shopping Centers
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-06-27)The main contribution of this paper is three-fold. First, it maps the delivery structure for on-street consignees and consignees located at shopping centers. In general, micro-data regarding urban freight is sparse, thus ... -
Taxis and crowd-taxis: sharing as a private activity and public concern
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-06-30)Taxis and crowd-taxis: sharing as a private activity and public concern -
Windmill Noise Annoyance, Visual Aesthetics, and Attitudes towards Renewable Energy Sources
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-07-23)A small focused socio-acoustic after-study of annoyance from a windmill park was undertaken after local health officials demanded a health impact study to look into neighborhood complaints. The windmill park consists of ... -
A review of guidelines for including wider economic impacts in transport appraisal
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-08-09)In this paper we examine how 23 industrialised countries treat wider economic impacts (WEIs) in transport appraisals. We identify 12 different types of impacts based on these countries’ appraisal guidelines. Agglomeration ... -
A stock-flow cohort model of the national car fleet
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-08-10)Purpose Various regulatory and fiscal policy instruments are in force to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases and local pollutants emitted by private cars. The incentives operate primarily—or exclusively—on the newest ... -
Local favoritism in at-large proportional representation systems
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-08-15)Pork barrel spending is typically attributed to the strategic behavior of political elites hoping to be electorally rewarded by voters residing in their districts. Such behavior is expected to depend on the incentives ... -
A CO2-fund for the transport industry: The case of Norway
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-09-02)Emissions from heavy trucks constitute a large and increasing share of Norwegian CO2-emissions. The Norwegian Green Tax Commission recently presented recommendations for emission reductions, largely confined to ‘sticks’, ... -
Soundscape and perceived suitability for recreation in an urban designated quiet zone
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-09-16)Green urban parks can offer city dwellers a place to withdraw from traffic noise. However, the significance of the sonic environment for suitability for recreational activities and how to measure this in an appropriate ... -
In search of the severity dimension of traffic events: Extended Delta-V as a traffic conflict indicator
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-09-28)Most existing traffic conflict indicators do not sufficiently take into account the severity of the injuries resulting from a collision had it occurred. Thus far, most of the indicators that have been developed express the ...