Blar i TØI Vitenarkiv på forfatter "Elvik, Rune"
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A before-after study of the effects on safety of environmental speed limits in the city of Oslo, Norway
Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-01-31)Starting in the winter of 2004–2005, a temporary speed limit of 60 km/h (ordinary speed limit: 80 km/h) was introduced on one of the major arterial roads in the city of Oslo, Norway as a measure to reduce air pollution, ... -
A comparative analysis of the effects of economic policy instruments in promoting environmentally sustainable transport
Elvik, Rune; Ramjerdi, Farideh (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2014-03-25)This paper presents a comparative analysis of the effects of economic policy instruments in promoting environmentally sustainable transport. Promoting environmentally sustainable transport is defined as follows: (1) Reducing ... -
A comparison of bus passengers' and car drivers' valuation of casualty risk reductions in their routes
Flugel, Stefan Markus; Veisten, Knut; Rizzi, Luis I.; Ortuzar, Juan De Dios; Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-22)Introduction The economic value of safety represents an important guide to transport policy, and more studies on individuals’ valuation of road safety are called for. This paper presents a stated preference study of the ... -
A comprehensive and unified framework for analysing the effects on injuries of measures influencing speed
Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-04)This paper proposes a comprehensive and unified framework for analysing the impacts on traffic injury of measures influencing speed. The key tool for analysis is a specification of the speed distribution, which in most ... -
A re-parameterisation of the Power Model of the relationship between the speed of traffic and the number of accidents and accident victims
Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2012-07-26)This paper presents a re-analysis of the Power Model of the relationship between the mean speed of traffic and road safety. Past evaluations of the model, most recently in 2009, have broadly speaking supported it. However, ... -
A statistical law in the perception of risks and physical quantities in traffic
Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-05-28)This paper suggests that a universal psychophysical law influences the perception of risks and physical quantities in traffic. This law states that there will be a tendency to overestimate low probabilities or small ... -
A synthesis of studies of access point density as a risk factor for road accidents
Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017-07-25)Studies of the relationship between access point density (number of access points, or driveways, per kilometre of road) and accident frequency or rate (number of accidents per unit of exposure) have consistently found that ... -
A theoretical perspective on road safety communication campaigns
Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-05-16)This paper proposes a theoretical perspective on road safety communication campaigns, which may help in identifying the conditions under which such campaigns can be effective. The paper proposes that, from a theoretical ... -
A Transport Policy Whose Injury Impacts May Go Unnoticed: More Walking, Cycling and Use of Public Transport
Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-09-29)It is an objective of transport policy in many countries and cities to promote walking, cycling and the use of public transport. This policy seeks to improve public health and reduce emissions contributing to global warming. ... -
An analysis of factors influencing accidents on road bridges in Norway
Elvik, Rune; Sagberg, Fridulv; Langeland, Per Andreas (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-09)Factors explaining systematic variation in the number of injury accidents on road bridges in Norway during 2010–2016 have been identified by means of negative binomial regression models. A total of 6824 bridges recording ... -
An Empirical Bayes before-after evaluation of road safety effects of a new motorway in Norway
Elvik, Rune; Ulstein, Heidi; Wifstad, Kristina; Syrstad, Ragnhild S; Seeberg, Aase R; Gulbrandsen, Magnus U; Welde, Morten (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017-09-19)This paper presents an Empirical Bayes before-after evaluation of the road safety effects of a new motorway (freeway) in Østfold county, Norway. The before-period was 1996–2002. The after-period was 2009–2015. The road was ... -
An analysis of official road crash cost estimates in European countries
Wijnen, Wim; Weijermars, Wendy; Schoeters, Annelies; van den Berghe, Ward; Bauer, Robert; Carnis, Laurent; Elvik, Rune; Martensen, Heike (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-12-12)This paper gives an overview of official monetary valuations of the prevention of road crashes, road fatalities and injuries in 31 European countries. The values have been made comparable by converting them to Euro in ... -
Association between increase in fixed penalties and road safety outcomes: A meta-analysis
Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-04-13)Studies that have evaluated the association between increases in traffic fine amounts (fixed penalties) and changes in compliance with road traffic law or the number of accidents are synthesised by means of meta-analysis. ... -
Asymmetric preferences for road safety: Evidence from a stated choice experiment among car drivers
Flugel, Stefan Markus; Elvik, Rune; Veisten, Knut; Rizzi, Luis I.; Meyer, Sunniva Frislid; Ramjerdi, Farideh; Ortuzar, Juan De Dios (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-04-29)Recent research has proposed fitting responses from discrete choice experiments to asymmetric value functions consistent with prospect theory, taking into account respondents’ reference points in their valuation of choice ... -
Availability bias in road safety systematic reviews and its impact on the meta-analysis findings
Ambros, Jiri; Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2024-12-27)Meta-analyses, which present the best source of information on the effectiveness of interventions, are influenced by several biases. One category relates to the convenience of selective inclusion of those primary studies, ... -
Can a road safety measure be both effective and ineffective at the same time? A game-theoretic model of the effects of daytime running lights
Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-07-06)Studies that have evaluated the effects on accidents of daytime running lights for cars have consistently found that cars using daytime running lights are involved in fewer multi-party accidents in daylight than cars not ... -
Can a safety-in-numbers effect and a hazard-in-numbers effect co-exist in the same data?
Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-08-22)Safety-in-numbers denotes a non-linear relationship between exposure (traffic volume) and the number of accidents, characterised by declining risk as traffic volume increases. There is safety-in-numbers when the number of ... -
Can electronic stability control replace studded tyres?
Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-10-02)Based on recent studies, this paper examines whether an increased use of electronic stability control can replace studded tyres. A re-analysis of a study that evaluated the effects on accidents of changes in the use of ... -
Can evolutionary theory explain the slow development of knowledge about the level of safety built into roads?
Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-13)In several papers, Hauer (1988, 1989, 2000a, 2000b, 2016) has argued that the level of safety built into roads is unpremeditated, i.e. not the result of decisions based on knowledge of the safety impacts of design standards. ... -
Can it be true that most drivers are safer than the average driver?
Elvik, Rune (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-06-27)Surveys finding that a large majority of drivers regard themselves as safer than the average driver have been ridiculed as showing that most drivers are overconfident about their safety and as showing something which is ...