Browsing Øvrige samlinger by Journals "Accident Analysis and Prevention"
Now showing items 1-20 of 63
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A comparison of bus passengers' and car drivers' valuation of casualty risk reductions in their routes
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-09-22)Introduction The economic value of safety represents an important guide to transport policy, and more studies on individuals’ valuation of road safety are called for. This paper presents a stated preference study of the ... -
A comprehensive and unified framework for analysing the effects on injuries of measures influencing speed
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-02-04)This paper proposes a comprehensive and unified framework for analysing the impacts on traffic injury of measures influencing speed. The key tool for analysis is a specification of the speed distribution, which in most ... -
A re-parameterisation of the Power Model of the relationship between the speed of traffic and the number of accidents and accident victims
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2012-07-26)This paper presents a re-analysis of the Power Model of the relationship between the mean speed of traffic and road safety. Past evaluations of the model, most recently in 2009, have broadly speaking supported it. However, ... -
A statistical law in the perception of risks and physical quantities in traffic
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-05-28)This paper suggests that a universal psychophysical law influences the perception of risks and physical quantities in traffic. This law states that there will be a tendency to overestimate low probabilities or small ... -
A synthesis of studies of access point density as a risk factor for road accidents
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017-07-25)Studies of the relationship between access point density (number of access points, or driveways, per kilometre of road) and accident frequency or rate (number of accidents per unit of exposure) have consistently found that ... -
A theoretical perspective on road safety communication campaigns
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-05-16)This paper proposes a theoretical perspective on road safety communication campaigns, which may help in identifying the conditions under which such campaigns can be effective. The paper proposes that, from a theoretical ... -
ADHD and relative risk of accidents in road traffic: A meta-analysis
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-10-25)The present meta-analysis is based on 16 studies comprising 32 results. These studies provide sufficient data to estimate relative accident risks of drivers with ADHD. The overall estimate of relative risk for drivers with ... -
An analysis of factors influencing accidents on road bridges in Norway
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-05-09)Factors explaining systematic variation in the number of injury accidents on road bridges in Norway during 2010–2016 have been identified by means of negative binomial regression models. A total of 6824 bridges recording ... -
An Empirical Bayes before-after evaluation of road safety effects of a new motorway in Norway
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017-09-19)This paper presents an Empirical Bayes before-after evaluation of the road safety effects of a new motorway (freeway) in Østfold county, Norway. The before-period was 1996–2002. The after-period was 2009–2015. The road was ... -
Association between increase in fixed penalties and road safety outcomes: A meta-analysis
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016-04-13)Studies that have evaluated the association between increases in traffic fine amounts (fixed penalties) and changes in compliance with road traffic law or the number of accidents are synthesised by means of meta-analysis. ... -
Bus stop design and traffic safety: An explorative analysis
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021-02-09)One way to prioritize public transport over private vehicle mobility, is to implement curbside rather than layby bus stop designs. There is, however, uncertainty about the consequences of implementing curbside rather than ... -
Can a road safety measure be both effective and ineffective at the same time? A game-theoretic model of the effects of daytime running lights
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-07-06)Studies that have evaluated the effects on accidents of daytime running lights for cars have consistently found that cars using daytime running lights are involved in fewer multi-party accidents in daylight than cars not ... -
Can a safety-in-numbers effect and a hazard-in-numbers effect co-exist in the same data?
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-08-22)Safety-in-numbers denotes a non-linear relationship between exposure (traffic volume) and the number of accidents, characterised by declining risk as traffic volume increases. There is safety-in-numbers when the number of ... -
Can electronic stability control replace studded tyres?
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015-10-02)Based on recent studies, this paper examines whether an increased use of electronic stability control can replace studded tyres. A re-analysis of a study that evaluated the effects on accidents of changes in the use of ... -
Can evolutionary theory explain the slow development of knowledge about the level of safety built into roads?
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017-06-13)In several papers, Hauer (1988, 1989, 2000a, 2000b, 2016) has argued that the level of safety built into roads is unpremeditated, i.e. not the result of decisions based on knowledge of the safety impacts of design standards. ... -
Can it be true that most drivers are safer than the average driver?
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013-06-27)Surveys finding that a large majority of drivers regard themselves as safer than the average driver have been ridiculed as showing that most drivers are overconfident about their safety and as showing something which is ... -
Can the use of road safety measures on national roads in Norway be interpreted as an informal application of the ALARP principle?
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019-11-24)The ALARP principle, stating that risks should be reduced to a level “As Low As Reasonably Practicable”, is widely known and discussed in risk management. The principle is flexible, as the interpretation of the key concepts ... -
Changes over time in the relationship between road accidents and factors influencing them: The case of Norway
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023-01-30)This paper compares the results found in successive accident prediction models developed at the national level for Norway. Over time, the models have become more comprehensive in terms of the roads and the variables included ... -
Characteristics of fatal road crashes involving unlicensed drivers or riders: Implications for countermeasures
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-05-05)Drivers or riders without a valid license are involved in 10% of fatal road crashes in Norway. This was shown by an analysis of data from all fatal crashes in the period 2005–2014. A literature review shows that unlicensed ... -
A comparative analysis of accident modification functions for traffic law enforcement
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-30)Traffic law enforcement is a road safety measure whose effects on accidents or injuries is best described by means of a function rather than a point estimate. An informative function should comprise both increases and ...